Research may start for one of many reasons: someone sees a problem with a business practice, has the desire to innovate and create something new, seeks to understand some natural process, or seeks to know more about an issue in order to make things work better or mitigate a condition. All these and more are reasons to conduct research. Good research starts with selecting a researchable problem.
Once you have your research question solidified, start your literature review as soon as possible. One reason to search the related literature right away is to make sure that someone else has not already researched the same topic. Keep in mind that if someone has already done the study you would like to do, you can still check their conclusions to see if they have recommended an area of further research. Also, check the date of their study. If it was quite some time ago, replicating their study with a few new twists just might expose some interesting conclusions. There are several other reasons to conduct a thorough literature review:
- It will increase your confidence in your topic….
- It can provide you with new ideas and approaches….
- It can inform you about other researchers whom you may wish to contact….
- It can show you how others have handled methodological and design issues….
- It can reveal previously unknown sources of data….
- It can introduce you to new research tools and techniques tested by other researchers….
- It can reveal methods of dealing with problem situations….
- It can help you interpret and make sense of your findings.
1) Academic Writing: Kalyan Chattopadhyay
Formal vocab and informal vocab
Academic writing is a formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications. You’ll encounter it in journal articles and books on academic topics, and you’ll be expected to write your essays, research papers, and dissertation in an academic style.
Academic writing aims to convey information in an impartial way. The goal is to base arguments on the evidence under consideration, not the author’s preconceptions. All claims should be supported with relevant evidence, not just asserted.
To avoid bias, it’s important to represent the work of other researchers and the results of your own research fairly and accurately. This means clearly outlining your methodology and being honest about the limitations of your research.
The formal style used in academic writing ensures that research is presented consistently across different texts so that studies can be objectively assessed and compared with other research.
Because of this, it’s important to strike the right tone with your language choices. Avoid informal language, including slang, contraction, clichés, and conversational phrases.
Kalyan sir starts his lecture with a very good explanation of what is formal vocab and informal vocab with examples.
Subjective, objective
The problem of using subjective terms and objective terms. How one can use both the term at the specific place and time.
Contradicts
The contradictions can be used to put arguments that are opposites.
perspective (Hardy’s nature study with a new fresh idea of ecology concern)
In this point, the discussion is like when we do research we are responsible to give a new argument or direction by our perspective.
Examples of formal and informal texts
1. These findings are replicated.
2. the discussion in this paragraph will be confined to a general description of the problem.
Both are formal because passive and objective language is a feature of academic writing.
A couple of techniques for academic writing
1. Divide your texts into paragraphs. these paragraphs develop a particular aspect. Causley related. topical sentences. Supported sentences. Concluding sentences(summary). Findings.
2. Sudden(signalling) expressions. Therefore, usually, generally, etc.
Indicate the breakup or turn of the argument.
The introduction and conclusion should not be the same. That should be passive.
Using questions – self-asking questions.
Careful thought – analysis- comparison- decision making.
Writing critically
By this point, Sir made clear that academic writing and critical writing are so different from each other. Further, He has given the definition and how these differ that also.
‘Padding’
The argument, comparison, accepted, rejected, and supported sentences.
Remove Irrelevant sort of details.
Critics' argument – why their arguments are important to our research.
Academic writing and critical writing are different. Seminal thinkers of the research area.
Established own voice
When we do research we are doing that to find new and fresh gaps or ideas so we can use scholars' findings or arguments to support our findings or arguments but we must put or establish our own voice in our work.
You can not use all the read materials
Hit the main thing of your research
In our introduction, we have to specify our main quota of research so the readers of our work can find it easily and they do not find it boring to read.
Importance of Defense
Emotive, (with emotions)
This is how in this video Kalyan sir explained things very precisely and also how people, scholars, critics, and researchers can look at our work. What can be their problems that are discussed very well?
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