Waiting for Godot ....

 “Nothing happens. Nobody comes, nobody goes. It's awful.

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett

  13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989

was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator. A resident of Paris for most of his adult life, he wrote in both French and English.

Beckett's literary and theatrical work features bleak, impersonal, and tragicomic experiences of life, often coupled with black comedy and nonsense. It became increasingly minimalist as his career progressed, involving more aesthetic and linguistic experimentation. He is considered one of the last modernist writers, and one of the key figures in what Martin Esslin called the Theatre of the Absurd.

Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing, which—in new forms for the novel and drama—in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". He was the first person to be elected Saoi of Aosdána in 1984.

Waiting for Godot

The tears of the world are a constant quantity. For each one who begins to weep somewhere else another stop. The same is true of the laugh.

Waiting for Godot is a play that prompts many questions, and answers none of them. As the title suggests, it is a play about waiting: two men waiting for a third, who never appear. ‘And if he comes?’ one of Beckett’s tramps asks the other near the end of the play. ‘We’ll be saved, the other replies, although the nature of that salvation, along with so much else, remains undefined: for both characters and audience, Waiting for Godot enforces a wait for its own. The two central characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait for someone named Godot, who, as a stand-in for God, never arrives. The title focuses the audience on the futility of human existence.  The meaning of the name Godot is debated among scholars. Although Beckett wrote in French, it is possible that he wanted his audiences to consider the presence of the English word God in the name of the character who never shows up.  It is possible, however, that Beckett named the character for a French bicyclist called Roger Godeau—or for a French slang word for boots.

Concept of Moonrise

The moon in the play can work as a sign for the characters to leave and have a rest. In Waiting for Godot, the two characters Vladimir and Estragon are waiting through the whole day for the arrival of Godot, so they feel exhausted, they spend the whole day suffering hoping for Mr. Godot to help or save them.

Classic interpretation says...that night = dark = death. The falling of night is as much a reprieve from daily suffering as death is from the suffering of a lifetime. There's also the issue of the moon, as its appearance in the sky is the real signal that night has come and the men can stop waiting for Godot. We can interpret this moon as brightness in the night so, I think Beckett wants to convey through this moon's brightness in the night means though the darkness of night there is somewhat hope like the brightness of some moon. So, we should not lose hope, every day is a new day. Also, we can say Moon has symbolized a sign of positivity, and What Estragon living is hope and waiting for Godot to come.

Debris 

In the Movie Adaptation of waiting for Godot, we can see that the whole act is performed around Debris this indicates that Beckett was a master in making meaning through his setting of the play. Whatever he used in the background carried some meaning and interpretation. Here again, he used the contour of Debris consisting of rubbish and broken pieces of rocks signifying the meaninglessness of life and how the useless things if put together then it creates a huge structure. Similarly, the world is full of useless things which create or makes the world. The world consists of each and everything whether it is good, bad, or rubbish. Debris also signifies the ups and downs of life. In this play also both the characters Vladimir and Estragon climb the Debris whenever feels disappointed and think of committing suicide.

Do you agree: “The play (Waiting for Godot), we agreed, was a positive play, not negative, not pessimistic. As I saw it, with my blood and skin and eyes, the philosophy is: 'No matter what— atom bombs, hydrogen bombs, anything—life goes on. You can kill yourself, but you can't kill life." ?

I am agreed with the idea of 'Waiting for Godot' as a positive play. As it presents the true picture of human life. How human life goes on without any change, whether they wish to live or not but life never stops. if they want to end their life then they can and in this way can get rid of life, but the death of any person doesn't affect the lifelong process of others. Other human beings keep on existing and living in this world, facing the same problem or suffering. Nothing changed in the routine of the life of others. On earth, life will always remain in different forms. It reflects the positivity, positive change in life. It is called a natural process which never interrupt by others.

Do you think that the obedience of Lucky is extremely irritating and nauseating? Even when the master Pozzo is blind, he obediently hands the whip in his hand. Do you think that such a capacity for slavishness is unbelievable?

In Waiting for Godot other than the God-centric theme we have another point to ponder and that is the relationship between Master and slave. Lucky and Pozzo portray the master and slave concept in Waiting for Godot. Yes, the obedience of Lucky is extremely irritating and nauseating. But our society is full of Lucky-type people. We all are Lucky in one and another way. In this play when Estragon tries to help Lucky then he kicks him badly. Similar things happening in society also, when someone tries to help us or tries to make us aware we started blaming them and hate to listen to any advice, even if that advice was beneficial for us. We never allow ourselves to come out from the bond of relations, whether it is with relatives or whether it with God. We know that we are not tied by anyone but still, we can't escape or can't think of living our ideas, beliefs, or we can say superstitions also. Lucky also does this same thing in the play, even when Pozzo becomes blind, he never feels to make himself free from the chains and gives them to the hand of his master Pozzo.

Do you think that plays like this can better be ‘read’ than ‘viewed’ as it requires a lot of thinking on the part of readers, while viewing, the torrent of dialogues does not give ample time and space to ‘think’? Or is it that the audio-visuals help in better understanding of the play?

As per my opinion, I must say one should read Rather than view because a movie does not give a proper idea about it and a movie controls our thinking power and imagination whereas Book takes us to the story slowly and steadily it takes time to go further it gives us visual imagination it improves our thought process so as that Book is something which enhances our ability to understand, thought-process. As I have watched a movie and what I saw is a journey of two men waiting for Godot or we can say that waiting for something which is not going to happen but here what is a central theme is waiting Movie shows a straight idea of the whole novel but Book is like a slow-going process to know what is happening over there. As I have watched the movie now I would like to read the original text which is like every page gives an idea about what does it contains and how we our ownself is going to adapt the novel.

There is more than one scene that I like 

1) vladimir - Estragon killing time in questions and conversation while waiting for Godot

2) Conversation of Vladimir with the boy - the messenger of Godot 

Flip learning: Existentialism

 

Existentialism

Existentialism is the philosophical belief we are each responsible for creating purpose or meaning in our own lives. Our individual purpose and meaning are not given to us by Gods, governments, teachers, or other authorities.

Questions regarded to existentialism what is the idea of Existentialism? who is the father of Existentialism? From where does it comes? Example of Existentialism?

Here is the answer to all Questions related to Existentialism..

Existentialism emphasizes action, freedom, and decision as fundamental to human existence; and is fundamentally opposed to the rationalist tradition and to positivism. That is, it argues against definitions of human beings as primarily rational.

a person who believes in philosophy according to which the world has no meaning and each person is alone and completely responsible for his or her own actions: He's a pessimistic existentialist. The existentialists have something to tell us about taking charge of our own future. See. An example of an existential play would be the movie "I Heart Huckabees." In this movie a character uses a blanket to symbolize the universe and that each part of the blanket is a person or thing.

For his emphasis on individual existence—particularly religious existence—as a constant process of becoming and for his invocation of the associated concepts of authenticity, commitment, responsibility, anxiety, and dread, Søren Kierkegaard is generally considered the father of existentialism.

1. Video 1

Existentialism is a movement in philosophy and literature that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It began in the mid-to-late 19th Century but reached its peak in mid-20th Century France. The term Existentialism is coined by the Danish theologian and philosopher Soren Kierkegaard. Soren was an Existentialist Philosopher. Kierkegaard was many things: philosopher, religious writer, satirist, psychologist, journalist, literary critic, and generally considered the 'father' of existentialism. Existentialism is a movement in philosophy and literature that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It began in the mid-to-late 19th Century but reached its peak in mid-20th Century France. Yet another father of this movement who resembled Kierkegaard in his revolt against both Luther and Hegel produced diametrical opposite existentialism, atheistic existentialism which continues today. This other father was Friedrich Nietzsche. While philosophers including Søren Kierkegaard, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Friedrich Nietzsche questioned essentialism in the 19th century, existentialism was popularised by Jean-Paul Sartre in the mid-20th century following the horrific events of World War II.

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The Myth of Sisyphus is a 1942 philosophical essay by Albert Camus.

Influenced by philosophers such as Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche, Camus introduces his philosophy of the absurd. The absurd lies in the juxtaposition between the fundamental human need to attribute meaning to life and the "unreasonable silence" of the universe in response. Does the realization of the absurd require suicide? Camus answers, "No. It requires revolt." He then outlines several approaches to the absurd life. In the final chapter, Camus compares the absurdity of man's life with the situation of Sisyphus, a figure of Greek mythology who was condemned to repeat forever the same meaningless task of pushing a boulder up a mountain, only to see it roll down again. The essay concludes, "The struggle itself ... is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy".

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Although he forcefully separated himself from existentialism, Camus posed one of the twentieth century's best-known existentialist questions, which launches The Myth of Sisyphus: “There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide”.Absurdity derives from the comparison or juxtaposition of two incompatible ideas. For instance, we would say "that's absurd" if someone suggested that a perfectly honest and virtuous man secretly lusts for his sister. We would be juxtaposing the two incompatible ideas of the virtuous man on the one hand and the man with incestuous lust on the other hand. The concept of the absurd as Camus has been discussing also consists of such juxtaposition. We are faced on one hand with man, who wants to find reason and unity in the universe, and on the other hand with the universe, which provides him with nothing but mute and meaningless phenomena. As such, the absurd does not exist either in man or in the universe, but in the confrontation between the two. We are only faced with the absurd when we take both our need for answers and the world's silence together. Camus characterizes our confrontation with the absurd with an absence of hope, continual rejection, and conscious dissatisfaction. Living with this conflict is neither pleasant nor easy, but trying to overcome the conflict does not answer so much as it negates the problem of the absurd. Camus is interested in whether we can live with the feeling of absurdity, not whether we can overcome it.

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Dadaism was a movement with explicitly political overtones – a reaction to the senseless slaughter of the trenches of WWI. It essentially declared war against war, countering the absurdity of the establishment's descent into chaos with its own kind of nonsense.

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Theory of Archetypes

Archetypal literary criticism is a type of analytical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes.Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, that a text's meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths.

The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism through the theories of psychologist C. G. Jung and literary theorist Northrop Frye.

Northrop Frye was the critic who described various theories regarding archetypes. Though the concept of archetypes was precisely given by a Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. Jungian archetypes study the human personality and psyche, whereas Frye's archetypes study the patterns and symbols of literature. 

Archetypes are different patterns through which we read various things. Through archetypes, we can make a better picture of various things in mind. E.g., we are reading a novel in which we read various symbols like water, fire, palace, landscape, animals, etc. These are the markers that create a pattern in our minds to make an image of something. In a Bollywood movie Aakhree Raasta, in which Amitabh Bachchan is in a double role. A particular scene of the graveyard in the movie can be considered as an archetype because it signifies that something tragic can happen in the plot. Archetypes psychologically refer to one's psyche. There is also an interesting study of the psyche in which three parts are there, conscious, subconscious, and unconscious. It is our collective unconscious that records the patterns, images, and actions.

Archetypal criticism emphasizes the symbols, images, patterns, and actions of the characters, etc. The archetypal critics' work is to give critique on the narrative and to bring out the commonly used archetypes used in a work of art. To see this in a wider context we can study various films, web series, and TV shows also.

By giving the analogy of Physics to Nature and Criticism to Literature, Frye is trying to emphasize giving proper justice to literature. Nature is the foundational core of physics, a branch of science. In the same manner, literature is the base on which criticism is being taught. But when mentioned, it is said that physics is taught, through nature. Similarly,  criticism is taught through various works of literature. It can be said that whatever we learn through literature is a criticism of life. Rather than stating that I am a student of literature, it should be said that I am studying criticism through literature.

Just the way science and technology, physics, chemistry, commerce are considered as an organized body of knowledge, criticism is also an organized body of knowledge, because it studies various works of art in a particular method, methods given by various respective critics, and theorists. Critics just like scientists, try to prove their views with reason and arguments. Being a part of literature, criticism is also worth studying the branch of knowledge. 

For ages, it has been a firm and strong relationship of literature with history and philosophy. When a creative writer sits down to write something he always has some historical sense in the background. Just like some mobile applications run in the background on smartphones. Literature is criticized with the historical sense and philosophical approach. 

Spring : 

Comedy is Allied with Spring because the genre of comedy is characterized by the birth of the Hero, Revival, and Resurrection. Also symbolizes defeat of winter and darkness.

Summer : 

Romance and Summer are paired together because summer is the culmination of life in the calendar. genre culminates with some sort of triumph usually a Marriage 

Autumn :

Autumn is the dying stage of the seasonal calendar which parallels the tragedy genre because it is known for fall or demise.

Winter : 

Satire is a dark genre disillusioned and mocking noted for the darkness dissolution, Return of chaos, the defeat of heroic figures.

Two Methodology to understand Archetypal criticism closely,

1) Inductive Method 

2) Deductive method

1) Inductive method 

for eg. 

Gravedigger scene from particular to the general. It is the method of looking at things with a wide view or in a larger context. E.g., looking at a picture with a very close view will not show the fullest version of it. But if we step a few steps back we see a better and clear picture. Thus this method is applicable in Hamlet's gravedigger scene. Hamlet is in a graveyard and he is holding a skull of a jester, Yorick. He communicates with diggers. It generalizes that whatever or whoever we are, death will make everybody general and common. Because death is common and general for all.

2) Deductive Method 

This method moves from general to particular. Music moves in time because it opens up with rhythms, words, and melody. Just one word after another, second by second. Painting moves in space because it appears directly and wholly at a time. We see the full pattern of painting all at once. In music rhythms are temporal and in paintings, patterns are spatial. When a critic applies those things in any work, he mixes up both the thing. Arts move with both the things temporally and spatially. We can say that literature is made up of words. Words can have both, rhythm and words bound together to create a picture. 

 Indian season also has similarities with archetypes because seasons are also considered as archetypes, such as winter as death, summer as meeting time, spring as birth or beginning, etc. In the Indian concept also there are three mains seasons, each having two sub-seasons.

The Great Gatsby

Here is my blog on The Great Gatsby written by F.scott Fitzgerald our professor asked me to write the blog with reference to the Film The Great Gatsby. so, here is my view on movie screening with reference to The original Text.

Who is Gatsby?

Jay Gatsby originally named James Gatz is the titular fictional character of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald based many details about the fictional character on Max Gerlach, a mysterious neighbor, and World War I veteran whom the author met while living on Long Island near New York City during the raucous Jazz Age. Like Gerlach, Gatsby is an enigmatic nouveau riche millionaire who lives in a luxurious mansion where he often hosts extravagant parties and who gained his vast fortune by illicit bootlegging during prohibition in the United States.

The character of Jay Gatsby has been analyzed by scholars for many decades and has given rise to a number of critical interpretations. Scholars have posited that Gatsby functions as a cipher because of his obscure origins, his unclear religio-ethnic identity, and his indeterminate class status. Accordingly, Gatsby's socio-economic ascent is deemed a threat by other characters in the novel not only due to his status as nouveau riche but because he is perceived as a societal outsider. The character's biographical details indicate his family is recent immigrants which preclude Gatsby from the status of an Old Stock American. As the embodiment of "latest America", Gatsby's rise triggers status anxieties typical of the 1920s era, involving xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment.

A century after the novel's publication, Gatsby has become a cultural touchstone in 20th century America and is often evoked in popular media in the context of the American Dream—the belief that every individual, regardless of their origins, may seek and achieve their desired goals, "be they political, monetary, or social. It is the literary expression of the concept of America: The land of opportunity".Gatsby has been described by literary scholars as a false prophet of the American dream as pursuing the dream often results in dissatisfaction for those who chase it, owing to its unattainability.

 The Great Gatsby is a 2013 historical romantic drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher, Jason Clarke, and Elizabeth Debicki. Jay-Z served as executive producer. Filming took place from September to December 2011 in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby and his neighbor Nick Carraway, who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties on Long Island.

The film was highly polarizing among critics; it received both praise and criticism for its acting performances, soundtrack, visual style, direction, and faithfulness to the source material. Audiences responded more positively and Fitzgerald's granddaughter praised the film, stating "Scott would have been proud."As of 2017, it is Luhrmann's highest-grossing film, grossing over $353 million worldwide. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film won in both of its nominated categories: Best Production Design and Best Costume Design.

The Cast 

Leonardo DiCaprio 

Tobey Maguire 

Carey Mulligan

Joel Edgerton 

Elizabeth Debicki

Isla Fisher

Jason Clarke 

Amitabh Bachchan

The Jazz Age 

Scott Fitzgerald termed the 1920s "the Jazz Age." With its earthy rhythms, fast beat, and improvisational style, jazz symbolized the decade's spirit of liberation. At the same time, new dance styles arose, involving spontaneous bodily movements and closer physical contact between partners. The Jazz Age in the United States was in the 1920s and is defined as when the influence of jazz music was widespread and society was experiencing prosperity, Prohibition, and the beginnings of social change. An example of the Jazz Age is flapper girls.

Its themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, excess, and absurdity are often used to describe the Jazz Age and American culture in general, particularly the American Dream.

The presence of jazz in his other works, perhaps most iconically in his grand novel The Great Gatsby, linked the term even more tightly to his name. Today, the moniker “Jazz Age” has come to signify, as a kind of evocative shorthand, the 1920s in both academic and pop culture.

Pictures of Jazz Age from the Great Gatsby 

Fitzgerald’s embrace of jazz, then, was both an acceptance of popular music and a rejection of these racist critiques. Although the word “jazz” only appears a few times in the Great Gatsby, the music itself is ever-present; when music is playing in the background, Fitzgerald frequently refers to saxophones and horns, iconic instruments of the genre. Because of how organically omnipresent jazz is in Fitzgerald’s novel, virtually all later depictions of the book feature roaring jazzy orchestras as a way of capturing the book’s atmosphere, from film adaptations to the by-now-common phenomenon of the Gatsby party.

How did the film help to understand the characters of the Novel? 

honestly saying the Movie helped a lot to understand every single flow of the novel very well. Here are some scenes I liked the most.

The scene Where Gatsby suddenly bumped into Daisy.

As the Narrator says Gatsby is the most optimistic character in the novel movie also when he was in the pool he was expecting Daisy's call. That is not just one thing we found him most hopeful person there are lot more things that prove him full of hope person anyone could ever be.

The significance of The valley of Ashes

It represents the moral and social decay that results from the uninhibited pursuit of wealth, as the rich indulge themselves with regard for nothing but their own pleasure. The valley of ashes also symbolizes the plight of the poor, like George Wilson, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their vitality as a result.

The valley of ashes is the depressing industrial area of Queens that is in between West Egg and Manhattan. It isn't actually made out of ashes but seems that way because of how gray and smoke-choked it is.

The below picture shows the plight of the poor. In Fitzgerald's Novel, The rich are becomes richer and the poor become Poorer.  The Valley of Ashes symbolizes that something is going to happen here as that picture is giving a negative vibe. As a sense of negativity and Darkness.

The Eyes of Dr. T.J.Eckelberg 

The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fading, bespectacled eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the valley of ashes. They may represent God staring down upon and judging American society as a moral wasteland, though the novel never makes this point explicitly.

Another dominant symbol within this novel is the billboard eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg. The eyes symbolize the loss of spiritual values in America. The billboard was erected to promote the business of an optometrist in Queensborough the eyes symbolize the growing commercialism of America life in America is all about making money, a lot of money as evidenced by the wealth of people like Tom Buchanan a man’s success is measured in terms of how much money he is worth, not on what kind of person he may be moral. The billboard, like the spiritual values of America, is neglected – “But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days, under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground.” The old-fashioned values of America, which Nick Carraway returns to reconnect within the mid-West are completely absent from the East, God seems to have abandoned America, leaving only Dr. T.J. Eckleburg behind to stare down with his empty eyes on people who have abandoned their spiritual values in the quest to achieve material wealth.

The Green Light 

The green light at the end of Daisy’s dock is a significant symbol within the book. To Gatsby, the green light represents his dream, which is Daisy. To attain her would be completing Gatsby’s American Dream. The first time the green light is seen in the novel is also the first time Nick sees Gatsby. Fitzgerald writes, "he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away” The green light is described as ‘minute and far away which makes it appear impossible to reach. This will prove to be true for Gatsby. The green light also represents society’s desire and the seeming impossibility of achieving the materialistic American Dream.   

Conclusion

The Great Gatsby is one of the Best American Fiction novels Written by F.Scott.Fitzgerald Which is published in 1925. Set in Jazz Age.

Here is a brief blog on my understanding of The Great Gatsby.

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Paragraph: 17

Transcendentalism

 Hello People!!!!💮💮

"Dare to live the life you have dreamed for yourself. Go forward and make your dreams come true."

_R.W.Emerson

So we are going to work on Transcendentalism as it is in our syllabus. In American literature, we are going to study Transcendentalism very closely and deeply. So let us drown into the question What is Transcendentalism? 

First of all, we will start with who brought this movement? what is the meaning of it? What is the Origin of Transcendentalism?  Transcendentalism? 

The movement arose around the 1830s in the eastern united states as a reaction to intellectualism.

The easiest meaning of Transcendentalism is...

To go beyond / Above 

We can go beyond by depending on our intuition rather than on reason and logic. Transcendentalism came with philosophy. The keyword for Transcendentalism is simplicity.

Henry David Thoreau 

American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher Henry David Thoreau are renowned for having lived the doctrines of Transcendentalism as recorded in his masterwork, Walden. He was also an advocate of civil liberties, as evidenced in the essay “Civil Disobedience”.

His three keys towards literature

1) Individualism

2) Idealism

3) Divinity of Nature 

Henry talks about one's relationship to nature. 

Today Henry is considered among the greatest of all American writers and the intellectual inspiration for the conservation movement. Thoreau inspired people to break the rules when they didn't believe in them, to be an individual, and to fight hard for something they love and believe in. That's his impact on society.

Effects of Transcendentalism ...

As a group, the transcendentalists led the celebration of the American experiment as one of individualism and self-reliance. They took progressive stands on women's rights, abolition, reform, and education. They criticized government, organized religion, laws, social institutions, and creeping industrialization.

While attending the lectures we had a few activities related to this particular subject...

I have found one image from Classroom Activities. In which we were supposed to draw whatever we are imagining or something we are living. So I did try to draw to exactly different shells of life in one there is Pink water is there which is completely beyond imagination and there is a sparkle of darkness which no ones wants to have in their life same as that there is another shell which has same water but there is a Unicorn Basically unicorn defines a beautiful world with intuition.

Also we are asked to share our view that

What is nature for you?

so,

Here is my answer about What is Nature for me?

Nature is something in which we are living we can say the reason of human life is possible on earth is only nature.

1  Transcendentalists talk about an Individual’s relation with Nature.

 Thoreau and Emerson emphasized the transcendentalist idea of human harmony with nature. They believed that nature can help us improve spiritually and help us connect to the rest of the world. According to Transcendental ideas, everything is connected, everything is one. Transcendentalists believe that nature allows us to escape from reality. They believe it can free our minds so that we can connect with our inner spirit. The Transcendentalists revered nature in a divine sense. Nature was not subordinate to them, but instead, nature was the other part of a symbiotic relationship. This analogy is the creed of the transcendental view of nature and of man as an individual. The Transcendentalists revered nature in a divine sense. Nature was not subordinate to them, but instead, nature was the other part of a symbiotic relationship. This analogy is the creed of the transcendental view of nature and of man as an individual.

2 Transcendentalism is an American Philosophy that influenced American Literature at length. Can you find any Indian/Regional literature or Philosophy that came up with such similar thought?

I have found two books based on spirituality divinity and individualism.

1) God are you A- Thiest 

'God' is most researched, but still unresolved. Most unknown, yet most relied upon. God is most discussed and debated, but still dodges consensus. God, most prayed, still remains inaccessible. Most trusted, God, still keeps trying our faith in Him. The mystery of creation and doubts of destination keep us confused and engaged. It remains unanswered. ‘God’ is an acknowledgment by the human mind of its limitations, who otherwise thinks himself to be most evolved and even most conscious. The convexity of the concave idea is that ‘God’ must have come to the human mind owing to their limitations in understanding existence and hence the need for surrender after reaching the saturation of their ‘own’ capabilities. Surrender for unknown things and inexplicable situations in favor of some supreme power got us, God. But even this utility is not entire futility. By the side of this flawed journey, we have at least realized that we are not God, howsoever hard we may try. The genre of this book is Spirituality and religion.

2) Crossing Boundaries with Jesus 

This book captures the realities of India that is marred by gender and caste conflicts and economic disparities. What would Jesus speak and do in such a context is the question the author is posing. He is exhorting us to participate with God in making a positive difference in the lives of the most marginalized segments of society.

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalists saw physical and spiritual phenomena as part of dynamic processes rather than discrete entities. Transcendentalism emphasizes subjective intuition over objective empiricism. It was also strongly influenced by Hindu texts on philosophy of the mind and spirituality, especially the Upanishads.

Transcendentalism and Indian Spirituality 

Transcendentalists and their interaction with Indian Thought and Spirituality.

1) Herman Hesse 

A German-born Swiss novelist and poet, Hesse’s life and work were characterized by a deep spirituality and search for the self. His family was Protestant-Pietist, and consisted of theologians and preachers: his parents’ and grandfather Dr. Hermann Gundert’s missionary work in India meant the young Hesse was exposed to both Hinduism and Buddhism. Much later, his study of German philosopher Schopenhauer led to his reading of the Bhagavad Gita.

Hesse’s understanding of both Buddhism and Hinduism is often criticized as homogeneous and facile but Siddhartha – his novel based in India that tells the story about the spiritual journey of a young boy who was a contemporary of the Buddha – remains much-read, a work in which his familiarity with Indian spiritual thought is most apparent.

2) T.S.Eliot 

The wasteland is also based on Indian Upanishads. Eliot has used different ideas in one frame.

Here is my blog on the Wasteland https://vachchhalata014.blogspot.com/2022/02/the-wasteland.html

3) Octavia Paz 

A Mexican poet and writer who won the Literature Nobel in 1990, Paz was a career diplomat. In 1952, he traveled to India for the first time, visiting Mathura, which led to his long poem Mutra, a “subject associated with Hinduism and its search for unity in the plurality of the forms of life”. In 1962, he was appointed Mexico’s ambassador to India.

His essay In Light Of India, which deals with India’s painting, music, architecture, philosophy, and religion, rests on how a Mexican writer at the end of the twentieth century perceives the reality of India while his poems on India are collected in East Slope (Ladera Este). Paz was interested in Tantra, with Tantric thought and imagery permeating his works; his understanding of Vedanta and Buddhist religious philosophy is apparent in essays he wrote on those subjects.

Spirituality should come from the self, not organized religion. Insight and experience are more important than logic. Nature is beautiful, should be deeply appreciated, and shouldn't be altered by humans.

An example of transcendentalism is the belief that man is at this best when he is independent and not a part of organized religion or politics. An example of transcendentalism is the quote "a man in debt is so far a slave" by Ralph Waldo Emerson. noun. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous and influential transcendentalists.

Transcendentalism still exists today in many different ways. You may not even realize it because it blends and comes so easily to us in our everyday lives. We have found evidence of the influence of transcendentalist ideas in popular songs, commercials, and even video games.

Dear ma'am here is my understanding of Transcendentalism Please draw my attention if anything is missing there.