Flip learning: Existentialism

 

Existentialism

Existentialism is the philosophical belief we are each responsible for creating purpose or meaning in our own lives. Our individual purpose and meaning are not given to us by Gods, governments, teachers, or other authorities.

Questions regarded to existentialism what is the idea of Existentialism? who is the father of Existentialism? From where does it comes? Example of Existentialism?

Here is the answer to all Questions related to Existentialism..

Existentialism emphasizes action, freedom, and decision as fundamental to human existence; and is fundamentally opposed to the rationalist tradition and to positivism. That is, it argues against definitions of human beings as primarily rational.

a person who believes in philosophy according to which the world has no meaning and each person is alone and completely responsible for his or her own actions: He's a pessimistic existentialist. The existentialists have something to tell us about taking charge of our own future. See. An example of an existential play would be the movie "I Heart Huckabees." In this movie a character uses a blanket to symbolize the universe and that each part of the blanket is a person or thing.

For his emphasis on individual existence—particularly religious existence—as a constant process of becoming and for his invocation of the associated concepts of authenticity, commitment, responsibility, anxiety, and dread, Søren Kierkegaard is generally considered the father of existentialism.

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Existentialism is a movement in philosophy and literature that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It began in the mid-to-late 19th Century but reached its peak in mid-20th Century France. The term Existentialism is coined by the Danish theologian and philosopher Soren Kierkegaard. Soren was an Existentialist Philosopher. Kierkegaard was many things: philosopher, religious writer, satirist, psychologist, journalist, literary critic, and generally considered the 'father' of existentialism. Existentialism is a movement in philosophy and literature that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It began in the mid-to-late 19th Century but reached its peak in mid-20th Century France. Yet another father of this movement who resembled Kierkegaard in his revolt against both Luther and Hegel produced diametrical opposite existentialism, atheistic existentialism which continues today. This other father was Friedrich Nietzsche. While philosophers including Søren Kierkegaard, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Friedrich Nietzsche questioned essentialism in the 19th century, existentialism was popularised by Jean-Paul Sartre in the mid-20th century following the horrific events of World War II.

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The Myth of Sisyphus is a 1942 philosophical essay by Albert Camus.

Influenced by philosophers such as Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche, Camus introduces his philosophy of the absurd. The absurd lies in the juxtaposition between the fundamental human need to attribute meaning to life and the "unreasonable silence" of the universe in response. Does the realization of the absurd require suicide? Camus answers, "No. It requires revolt." He then outlines several approaches to the absurd life. In the final chapter, Camus compares the absurdity of man's life with the situation of Sisyphus, a figure of Greek mythology who was condemned to repeat forever the same meaningless task of pushing a boulder up a mountain, only to see it roll down again. The essay concludes, "The struggle itself ... is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy".

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Although he forcefully separated himself from existentialism, Camus posed one of the twentieth century's best-known existentialist questions, which launches The Myth of Sisyphus: “There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide”.Absurdity derives from the comparison or juxtaposition of two incompatible ideas. For instance, we would say "that's absurd" if someone suggested that a perfectly honest and virtuous man secretly lusts for his sister. We would be juxtaposing the two incompatible ideas of the virtuous man on the one hand and the man with incestuous lust on the other hand. The concept of the absurd as Camus has been discussing also consists of such juxtaposition. We are faced on one hand with man, who wants to find reason and unity in the universe, and on the other hand with the universe, which provides him with nothing but mute and meaningless phenomena. As such, the absurd does not exist either in man or in the universe, but in the confrontation between the two. We are only faced with the absurd when we take both our need for answers and the world's silence together. Camus characterizes our confrontation with the absurd with an absence of hope, continual rejection, and conscious dissatisfaction. Living with this conflict is neither pleasant nor easy, but trying to overcome the conflict does not answer so much as it negates the problem of the absurd. Camus is interested in whether we can live with the feeling of absurdity, not whether we can overcome it.

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Dadaism was a movement with explicitly political overtones – a reaction to the senseless slaughter of the trenches of WWI. It essentially declared war against war, countering the absurdity of the establishment's descent into chaos with its own kind of nonsense.

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