I.A.Richards : Verbal Analysis of Poem or Any other song
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After classroom Discussion and expert lectures on Indian Poetics, we are supposed to write a blog on Verbal analysis of the poem/song/film song lyric/ hymns/Devotional songs.Here is my blog about the Verbal Analysis of a Qawwali.
I.A.Richards
Ivor Armstrong Richards
26 February 1893– 7 September 1979
known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory that emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object.
Richards' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism Practical Criticism, and The Philosophy of Rhetoric.
His notable works are...
1 The Meaning of Meaning- 1923
2 The Practical of Criticism – 1929
3 The Principles of Literary criticism-1924
Few other critics and their work
J.C.Ransom - Language of Paradox
Allen Tate - Tension in Poetry
R.P.Warran - Understanding Poetry/fiction
Stanley Fish - Reader-Response Criticism
Roland Barthes- Death of an Author
The Detailed understanding of New Criticism by our professor.
1) sense - The items referred to by the writer
2) Tone - Tone is the writer's attitude to his readers and audience.
3)Feelings - Feelings refer to emotions, desire, pleasure, displeasure.
4) Intention - It is the writer's aim which may be conscious or unconscious
He gave two use of language
1) scientific use
2) Emotive use
Here is a video of the Sufi qawwali written by Nawab hilm of Hyderabad. written in praise of Hindu God. The link of Sufism to the Bhakti is a cult of medieval India.
The Qawwali has a tone of love and spiritual attachment. First, when we listen to this epic piece of art we find that it has a connection with Hinduism and Islam. This is quite impressive how wonderfully one Qawwali group of Pakistan sang this wonderful Qawwali written by Nawab Hilm of Hyderabad in praise of Hindu God.
This is basically something about a devotee asking her God if he still remembers his Bhakts.
2) Metaphors and language
This Qawwali has several metaphors like...
and the language has a mixture of Urdu, Prakrit, and Hindi.
3) Misunderstandings
What is the normal impression of any Qawwali is this must belong to Islam or Pakistan when I first heard this Qawwali I was shocked that our culture was way free from the boundary of religion and castism. There are no such misunderstandings in this Qawwali here. but people do drag cultural differences and castism here whereas in the older period there was nothing such as existing.
This is a piece of old Traditional writing which is giving more than many meanings.
4) Intention and Visual image
The only intention we can observe is the tone of unity kind of oneness we find here. That it is a praising and devoting Qawwali made by a non- hindu writer for hindu readers and so that the words are used so well that anyone would get into it so deeply.
This particular Qawwali has a visual image of undying faith in God Krishna and devoters spiritual connection with God.
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