The experience of visiting an art Gallery

              Ajanta Exhibition

Inspiration exists, but it has to find you working   ― Pablo Picasso

Of the 30 caves at Ajanta, four are chaityagrihas or prayer halls typified with colonnades and a stupa at the rear end. The above at Cave 26 is one of the finest with Buddha seated under a pavilion in the pralambha-pada [hanging legs] pose.

Who constructed ajanta caves?

20 caves were built during the Vakataka dynasty, during the reign of Harisena, and at the end of his reign, these caves were abandoned. Inside the caves, you can see paintings depicting the life of Gautam Buddha, and also stories from Jataka Tales.

The Buddhist Caves in Ajanta are approximately 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state in India. The caves include paintings and rock-cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art, particularly expressive paintings that present emotions through gesture, pose and form.

(Magna)

What was the purpose of Ajanta caves?

While the main purpose of the caves was to celebrate the glory of Gautama Buddha's life and achievements, they also provide an important insight into the Buddhist life and belief system and the reflection of its values in art. In many ways, the Ajanta caves were a watershed in subcontinental architectures.

(Tathagata)

Jakata tales 

Thematically walls of the caves have Jataka Tales that tell the stories of Bodhisattva painted on them. Bodhisattvas are the earlier Buddhas on the path to becoming a Buddha, not yet Buddha but still carrying some traits of Buddha. There are 550 or so tales and some of them can be seen painted and sculpted at all Buddhist sites. Other than Jataka tales, the Bodhisattvas and Buddha are also painted on the walls. Bodhisattvas can be any species – elephant, monkey, snake, swan or a human being though it is never a female.

                           (Padmapani)

This is Bodhisattva Padmapani – literally meaning the one holding the Padma or a lotus flower in his hand. 
 

Spink's chronology and cave history

Walter M. Spink

  was an American art historian who was best known for his extensive study of Buddhist art in India, particularly the Ajanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About his work on the Ajanta caves, scholars have acknowledged that his ideas "revolutionized the history of the site".He was a professor of art history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

 Edmund Spenser

(1552-599)

   For there is nothing lost, that may be                            found, if sought.

                                           _The faerie Queen

Life

                Edmund Spenser was an English poet born in East Smithfield, London around 1552, however there's still some ambiguity regarding to his birth.his parenthood was obscure but he was probably the son of John Spenser, a journeyman clothmaker. As a young boy he was educated in London at merchant Taylor's school and matriculated as a sizar at Pembroke college, Cambridge.

Works 

• The faerie queen
• The Shepheaders calander
• A view of the present state of Ireland
• Amoretti

              Among his all works Spenser was known for his work the faerie Queen.

The faerie Queen 

The fearie Queen is the great work upon which the poet's fame chiefly rests. The original plan of the poem included twenty four books , each of which was to recount the adventure and triumph of a knight who represented a moral virtue . Spenser's purpose as in a letter to Raleigh which introduces the poem , is as follows,

To pourtraict in arthure, before he was kind , the image of brave knight, perfected in the twelve private vertues, as Aristotle hath devised, which is purpose of these first twelve books, which if I find to be well accepted I may be perhaps encouraged to frame the other part of political vertues in his persons, after that he came to be king.

 

Each of the virtues appears as a knight, fighting his opposing vice, and the poem tells the story of the conflicts. It is therefore purely allegorical, not only in its personified virtues but also in representation of life as a struggle between  

                  Good

                       &

                   Evil

          (The Redcrosse knight with una)

                   The poem derives its form from Italian romance

Argument of the faery Queen
 

     From the introductory letter we learn that the hero visits the queen's court in fairy land, while she's holding twelve days festival.

  

As to the meaning of the allegorical figures , one is generally in doubt. In the first three books of shadowy feary Queen sometimes represnts the glory of God and sometimes Elizabeth , who was naturally flattered by the parallel. Britomartis is also Elizabeth. The redcross knight is Sidney, the model Englishmen . Arthur , who always  appears to rescue the oppressed , is Leicester , which is another courageous flattery. Una is sometimes religion and sometimes the protrstant Church, while Duessa represents Mary Queen of Scots, or general Catholicism.

In the last three books Elizabeth appears again as mercilla, Henry IV of France as bournbon, the war in the Netherlands as the story of Lady beige, Raleigh as timias , the earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland as blandamour and paridell, as so on through the wide range of contemporary characters and events, till the allegory becames as difficult to follow as the second part of Goethe's Faust.

Poetical form.

       For the feary Queen Spenser invented a new verse form,

Which has been called since his day 

                     

                 Spenserian stanza

 Because of its rare beauty it has been much used by nearly all our poets in their best work . The new stanza was an improved form of aristos's ottava Rima( that is, eight line stanza) and bears a close resemblance to one of Chaucer's most musical verse forms in the "monk's tale".

      Spenser's stanza is in nine lines , eight of five feet each and the last of six feet, rhyming ,

                       ababbcbcc

   

Characteristics of spenser's poetry

          

 1.A Perfect melody

2. A rare sense of beauty

3.a splendid imagination

4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness

5. A delicate idealism

 

Conclusion

Thus,  it is spenser's idealism , his love of beauty , and his love of beauty , and his exquisite melody which have caused him to be known as ,

            " The poet's poet."

Ah! When will this long weary day have end,

And lende me leave to come unto my love?

                                             _epithalamion